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Thiamphenicol

CAS 15318-45-3

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Description

Thiamphenicol is an antibiotic active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and particularly effective against anaerobes. It is used for parenteral therapyas the water soluble thiamphenicol glycine hydrochloride and for oral use, as a premix of thiamphenicol base and corn starch. In many countries, thiamphenicol is used as a veterinary antibiotic, especially for the treatment of infectious diseases in cattle, pigs and poultry. In China, Morocco, Italy, and Brazil, it is also for medical uses . In particular, it is used for treating sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease. may be used in the treatment and control of a wide range of respiratory and alimentary tract infections of bacterial origin in calves, pigs and poultry. The oral product is not suitable for the treatment of cattle with functional rumen.

Advantages of thiamphenicol over chloramphenicol
As the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol has a similar antibacterial spectrum, and it inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria as chloramphenicol does. However, it excels in several ways.
The main advantage of thiamphenicol over chloramphenicol is that it can be extensively used in human without being associated with aplastic anaemia.
What’s more, while chloramphenicol is readily metabolized in cattle, poultry, sheep, and humans, most thiamphenicol is excreted in its original form. Specifically, it is excreted both as parent drug and as thiamphenicol glucuronate in pigs and rats.
Moreover, the concentration of thiamphenicol in blood and other body fluids such as bile is higher than chloramphenicol. Relevantly, it is 2.5 to 5 times as effective as chloramphenicol.

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